Deterministic rewards for miners, bonders, and stakers.

How BPoW Works

• Mining eligibility is bond-gated After activation height, blocks require valid PoW and an active bond state for the miner key.
• Wallet staking is separate Staking does not grant block production rights. It is an economic participation role with its own deterministic state path.
• Consensus state machines Both bond and stake flows use enforced states: pending -> active -> exiting -> unlockable -> withdrawn.

Role Address Model

Addresses are domain-separated by role from the same Falcon pubkey, so regular, bond, and stake destinations cannot be confused by prefix alone.

• Mainnet role prefixes A regular, B bond, S stake.
• Testnet/Regnet role prefixes T regular, D bond, E stake.
• Slash penalty 2.5 ATHO for slashable invalid mined blocks under BPoW rules.

Bonding Deep Dive

Bonding is the miner security gate in BPoW. Mining rights are only active when bond state is valid under consensus checks.

1. Derive your deterministic bond role address from your Falcon public key.
2. Deposit at least 25 ATHO to that bond address.
3. Wait 25 confirmations to transition from pending to active.
4. Mine with valid PoW + active bond after enforcement height 10,000.
5. If slashed by 2.5 ATHO, top up and reconfirm to restore eligibility.
6. When exiting, unbond delay is 10,080 blocks before unlock.

• Slashable condition PoW-valid block that fails deterministic consensus validity checks.
• Not slashable Honest stale/orphan races and valid reorged-out blocks are not slash conditions.

Staking Deep Dive

Staking is a dedicated economic participation lane. It does not produce blocks, but it participates in deterministic pool settlement.

1. Derive your deterministic stake role address from the same Falcon key.
2. Deposit to the stake address to enter pending.
3. After activation, stake is tracked in the same deterministic lifecycle model.
4. Rewards are accounted via the stake pool bucket during epoch settlement.
5. Exit moves to exiting, then unlockability after required delay.

• Stake pool allocation Stake bucket is 20% pre-tail and 30% post-tail of total block fees.
• Current staking bounds 20 ATHO minimum, 500 ATHO max per address, 25,000 ATHO max new stake per rolling 30 days, and 25,000,000 ATHO max total staked network-wide.
• Settlement cadence Accounting windows use 720-block epochs plus a 3600-block finalization buffer.
• Role separation Stake balance alone never grants mining rights; active miner bond is still required.

Reward Schedule (Code-Defined)

Block subsidy is hardcoded by height in Constants.get_block_subsidy_atoms(height) with a fixed 120s target block time.

• Era 1 Blocks 0-1,999,999: 100 ATHO per block.
• Era 2 Blocks 2,000,000-3,999,999: 50 ATHO per block.
• Era 3 Blocks 4,000,000-5,999,999: 25 ATHO per block.
• Era 4 Blocks 6,000,000-7,999,999: 12.5 ATHO per block.
• Era 5 Blocks 8,000,000-9,999,999: 6.25 ATHO per block.
• Era 6 Blocks 10,000,000-11,999,999: 3.125 ATHO per block.
• Era 7 Blocks 12,000,000-13,999,999: 1.5625 ATHO per block.
• Era 8 Blocks 14,000,000-15,999,999: 0.78125 ATHO per block.
• Transition Blocks 16,000,000-16,999,999: 0.78125 ATHO per block.
• Tail Block 17,000,000+: baseline 0.1953125 ATHO tail reward (51,328.125 ATHO/year) while cap headroom exists, clipped to 0 at 500,000,000 ATHO.

How Rewards Are Released

1. For each block, consensus computes subsidy by height, clips it by remaining headroom under the 500,000,000 ATHO cap, and adds miner fee share to build coinbase payout.
2. At height 1, bootstrap allocation (781,250 ATHO) and fee-pool routing activate under policy constants.
3. Fee routing is phase-aware: pre-tail is 40% pool / 60% non-pool; post-tail is 55% pool / 45% non-pool.
4. At tail start (17,000,000, about 64.69 years), routed non-pool fees are burn-targeted and clipped by the 21,000,000 ATHO supply floor while baseline tail subsidy runs at 51,328.125 ATHO/year until cap headroom is exhausted.
5. After cap is reached, subsidy is 0; fee routing, pool settlement, and burn clipping continue because fee flows do not create new coins.
6. Coinbase outputs unlock after 150 confirmations, so mined rewards are released with deterministic maturity delay.

• Base supply target Pre-tail total is fixed to 400,000,000 ATHO (399,218,750 subsidy + 781,250 bootstrap) inside a bounded model with 500,000,000 ATHO hard maximum supply.

Per-Block Reward Routing

• Fee uplift Policy applies a +25% uplift over base fee constants.
• Pool route Pre-tail routes 40% to pool (20% miner bucket + 20% stake bucket); post-tail routes 55% (25% + 30%).
• Miner bucket split Pre-tail miner lane is 0% winner + 20% bonded-idle; post-tail shifts to 20% winner + 5% bonded-idle.
• Supply context Routing and settlement run on top of the 781,250 ATHO bootstrap and 400,000,000 ATHO base path, with subsidy clipping enforcing 500,000,000 ATHO maximum supply.
• Epoch settlement Reward accounting settles on deterministic 720-block epochs with 3600-block finalization buffer.
• Stake payout weighting Within each settled epoch, wallet-stake rewards scale by each address share of total active stake in that same epoch.

Bonding and Staking Lifecycle

1. Derive role addresses from your Falcon key (regular, bond, stake).
2. Deposit to bond address and wait 25 confirmations to become active.
3. For staking, deposit to stake role address and enter active accrual once confirmed.
4. Request exit to move into exiting, then wait unlock delay for withdrawal eligibility.